Escalante, a Bolivian immigrant, transformed a tough high school in Los Angeles by motivating struggling students to excel at maths and science.
The school had more students studying advanced calculus than all but three other state schools in the US.
Escalante died in Reno, Nevada, where he was undergoing treatment for bladder cancer, AP news agency reported.
Edward James Olmos played Escalante in the 1988 film Stand And Deliver.
Olmos said Escalante had proved that inner city students were able to perform at the highest level, and left an important legacy for American education, AP said.
Jaime Escalante
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